Ireland’s VAT Rate Changes from 1 July 2026: What Businesses Need to Know

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Ireland’s VAT Rate Changes from 1 July 2026: What Businesses Need to Know

Revenue has confirmed a permanent reduction in VAT rates for food, catering and hairdressing services from 1 July 2026. It is designed to alleviate some of the pressure on SMEs, such as rising energy costs, higher wages and insurance, and declining sales, while also helping to maintain jobs and sector stability. The lower rate is also intended to help households manage cost‑of‑living pressures.

What’s Changing

According to the new guidance, the VAT rate will be reduced from 13.5% to 9%. A VAT rate of 9% was first introduced as a tax subsidy during the Covid-19 period, with the current rate of 13.5% re-established in September 2023.  Unlike the previous 9% rate, which was more general and applied to hotel or similar holiday accommodation, it is more targeted and specifically applies to:

  • Restaurant and café catering services (excluding alcohol, soft drinks, and bottled water)
  • Takeaway food
  • Hairdressing services

What’s Unchanged

Households and businesses will continue to benefit from the reduced 9% rate on electricity and gas bills until 2030. VAT rates on qualifying new build apartments will remain at 9%, effective from 8 October 2025 to 31 December 2030.  This intervention aims to increase housing supply by making building apartments more viable to developers grappling with rising construction costs.

What it Means for Businesses

To prepare for the VAT reduction, businesses in hospitality, catering and hairdressing sectors should focus on the following:

  1. Update your pricing systems:
    Businesses must update their Point-of-Sale (POS) and accounting systems to correctly apply the 9% rate to relevant items from July 1st, while ensuring items that don’t qualify (like alcohol or, in some cases, hotel accommodation) remain at the 23% or 13.5% rate. Miscalculating this can lead to penalties or unexpected tax debts.
  1. Improve Margins Transparently:
    Businesses will need to decide how they intend to reflect the VAT reduction in their pricing, whether by passing savings on to customers or retaining some profit margin. All menus and service prices should be updated before 1 July 2026.Some businesses will understandably see an opportunity to offset increased energy, labour and operational costs. However, businesses should be mindful that if VAT drops from 13.5% to 9% and prices remain unchanged, customers may see this as unfair or opportunistic.
  1. Adjust Cash Flow Forecasts:
    Businesses should be aware that the lower rate will mean slightly less VAT to pay to Revenue, which may affect cash flow timing. Because of the delay between collecting VAT from customers and paying it to Revenue, many businesses effectively use this as short-term working capital. A reduced VAT rate means less of this cash on hand, increasing the need for accurate cash flow forecasts to cover day-to-day operations.

Next Steps

With the 1 July implementation date approaching, businesses should take the following steps to prepare:

  1. Review product/service catalogues to identify which items will be affected by the reduced rate and update accordingly.
  2. Update internal systems, pricing labels and menus well in advance of 1 July.
  3. Ensure staff are aware of the changes and can clearly explain any pricing changes to customers.

How We Can Help

Our Accounting & Financial Advisory team are supporting clients in preparing for the upcoming VAT changes. Whether you need assistance reviewing VAT treatment, updating systems, or assessing the wider impact on pricing and cash flow, we can help ensure a smooth and compliant transition.

If you would like to discuss how these changes may affect your business, please contact us.

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New €3 customs duty for low-value parcels imported into the EU

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New €3 customs duty for low-value parcels imported into the EU

From 1 July 2026, low-value parcels imported into the European Union will no longer benefit from customs duty relief. Instead, a fixed customs duty of €3 will apply to goods valued at less than €150 entering the EU, a change that is expected to have a significant impact on cross-border e-commerce and import compliance.

How the new €3 duty will apply

The new €3 duty will be applied to each different item in a consignment according to its tariff heading, meaning that a single parcel containing multiple product types may attract more than one charge. For example, a parcel contains 1 blouse made of silk and 2 blouses made of wool. Due to their different tariff headings, the parcel contains two distinct items and €6 in customs duty should be paid.

The measure will apply to goods entering the EU where non-EU sellers are registered in the EU’s import one-stop shop (IOSS) for VAT.

Importantly, this customs duty is separate from the proposed handling fee that is to be introduced by all EU countries before 1 November 2026.

Interim Measure

This €3 duty is an interim measure and is expected to remain in place until 1 July 2028 but may be extended. It is designed to apply until the full EU customs reform package comes into effect. At that point, the current €150 threshold will be removed entirely and goods below that value will instead be subject to the normal EU customs duty rates for the relevant products.

Implications for Cross-Border e-Commerce Traders

This represents an additional cost for non-EU traders selling into the EU. Traders should review their pricing model for the EU market to ensure profitability and should work with their carriers to ensure tariff headings for parcels entering the EU are declared accurately.

Should you require any assistance in this area, please contact us.

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Tax Relief for New Start-Up Companies

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Tax Relief for New Start-Up Companies

New start-up companies who set up and commence a qualifying trade on or before 31 December 2026 may be able to reduce their corporation tax bill for their first 5 years of trading.

The aim of the relief is to support businesses in the early stages of growth by reducing, and in some cases fully eliminating, corporation tax payable on the profits of the new trade and certain chargeable gains, helping to improve cash flow while the business is getting established.

The relief applies where the company’s total corporation tax payable for the period does not exceed €40,000. Marginal relief is also available where the total corporation tax payable is more than €40,000 but less than €60,000.

The relief available each year is linked to the total Employer’s Pay Related Social Insurance (PRSI) the company pays for its employees and directors. This includes Employer’s PRSI up to a maximum of €5,000 per employee and Class S PRSI up to a maximum of €1,000 per director.

Any unused relief arising in the first 5 years of trading, due to losses or insufficient profits, may be carried forward for use in subsequent years.

This relief is intended for genuine trading activities and does not apply to investment or passive income.

Qualifying Conditions

  1. The company must be incorporated in the State, the EU/EEA or in the United Kingdom on or after 14 October 2008.
  2. The company must set up and commence a “qualifying trade” in the period beginning on 1 January 2009 and ending on 31 December 2026. The following are not qualifying trades for the purpose of this relief:
    • A trade that was carried on previously by another person (this rules out sole traders incorporating their trade into a limited company).
    • An existing trade (this rules out forming a new company and acquiring a new trade).
    • An excepted trade (i.e. dealing in or developing land, exploration and extraction of petroleum or working minerals).
    • Service company activities that come within S. 441 TCA close company provisions.
    • A trade if carried on by an associated company of the new company would form part of the existing trade carried on by the associated company.
  3. The company does not exceed the specified levels of corporation tax due.

Example A:

A start-up company’s corporation tax for an accounting period is €20,000, referable entirely to income and gains from a qualifying trade. The total amount of qualifying Employer’s PRSI paid in the accounting period is €17,000.

The amount of relief available for the accounting period is €17,000, meaning the corporation tax referable to income and gains of the qualifying trade is reduced from €20,000 to €3,000.

Example B:

A start-up company’s corporation tax referable to income and gains from a qualifying trade for an accounting period is €20,000. The company also has corporation tax of €3,000 due on its investment income. The total amount of qualifying Employer’s PRSI paid in the accounting period is €25,000.

The amount of relief available for the accounting period is €20,000, meaning the corporation tax referable to income and gains of the qualifying trade is reduced to nil. The company must pay corporation tax of €3,000 on its investment income. The excess relief amount of €5,000 can be carried forward for use in future accounting periods following the five-year relevant period.

Example C:

The total corporation tax payable by a start-up company for an accounting period is €16,000. This refers entirely to income from a qualifying trade. The company has three employees and paid the following amounts of Employer’s PRSI in the accounting period:

Employee Details Employer’s PRSI paid €
Employee 1 2,000
Employee 2 3,000
Employee 3 6,000
Total PRSI 11,000

The amount of qualifying Employer’s PRSI is capped at €5,000 per employee. Therefore, the aggregate amount of qualifying Employer’s PRSI for the period is €10,000 (i.e. €2,000 plus €3,000 plus €5,000).

The relief available is €10,000, meaning the corporation tax of €16,000 referable to income of the qualifying trade is reduced to €6,000.

Conclusion

This relief can be particularly valuable for new businesses with employees, but careful planning at the start of the business is important to ensure the relief can be accessed and fully utilised.

Should you require any assistance in this area, please contact us.

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New VAT Rules for Small Businesses | EU VAT SME Scheme

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New VAT Rules for Small Businesses (VAT SME Scheme)

The domestic VAT SME scheme allows small businesses to sell goods and services to their customers without charging VAT. In Ireland, the VAT registration thresholds are:

  • €42,500 for businesses supplying services; and
  • €85,000 for businesses supplying goods.

Irish businesses operating below these thresholds making supplies of goods and services within Ireland are not required to register and charge for VAT. However, up to 31 December 2024, if the Irish business made supplies in another EU Member State, there was no registration threshold and the business could have registration and filing obligations in the Member State where the supply took place.

From 1 January 2025, the EU VAT SME scheme allows these small businesses the option to avail of the registration thresholds in other Member States. If eligible, these businesses will not have to register for VAT when supplying goods and services there.

To be eligible to use this EU VAT SME scheme in another Member State, an Irish business must:

  • be established for VAT purposes in Ireland only,
  • not exceed the domestic turnover threshold(s) of the other Member State(s) where supplies are made,
  • not exceed the Union turnover threshold of €100,000,
  • be registered in Ireland to use the scheme and file quarterly reports once registered. These reports declare the turnover of the small business in all EU Member States.

An Irish business wishing to register to use the scheme in other Member States must make a formal application to Revenue. If successful, it will receive an individual identification number with the suffix “EX”. This number must be provided on any invoices issued by the business.

Business customers located in other EU countries who receive an invoice with “EX” are not obliged to account for VAT using the reverse charge mechanism on that invoice. It is the business customer’s responsibility to check the VAT exempt status of the small enterprise using the SME verification check.

The EU VAT SME scheme is only open to small businesses established within the European Union. It does not apply to small businesses established in the United Kingdom, including Northern Ireland.

It is possible for a small business to avail of the EU VAT SME scheme in some Member States and the standard VAT regime or One Stop Shop scheme in others. As businesses that avail of the VAT SME schemes cannot reclaim VAT on their costs, each small business must assess the best option for them.

However, this new scheme will significantly reduce compliance for small EU-based businesses selling to other EU countries.

If you require further information or assistance, please contact us.

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Increased Size Thresholds to Assist Irish SMEs with Audit & Reporting Requirements

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Increased Size Thresholds to Assist Irish SMEs with Audit & Reporting Requirements

The European Union (Adjustments of Size Criteria for Certain Companies and Groups) Regulations 2024 were signed into law, increasing the balance sheet and turnover thresholds for “micro”, “small”, “medium” and “large” companies and groups under the Companies Act 2014 by 25% to account for inflation.

This change means more Irish companies will move into the micro and small categories and may benefit from abridged reporting and audit exemption. It will also reduce regulatory and administrative burden.

The changes may also result in companies falling outside the scope of reporting obligations imposed under the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD).

The new thresholds are as follows:

Micro Company thresholds:

  • Balance sheet total not exceeding €450,000 – (previously €350,000)
  • Turnover not exceeding €900,000 – (previously €700,000)
  • Average number of employees does not exceed 10 – (unchanged)

Small Company thresholds:

  • Balance sheet total not exceeding €7.5 million – (previously €6 million)
  • Turnover not exceeding €15 million – (previously €12 million)
  • Average number of employees does not exceed 50 – (unchanged)

Small Group thresholds:

  • Group balance sheet total not exceeding €7.5 million net or €9 million gross – (previously €6 million net or €7.2 million gross)
  • Group turnover not exceeding €15 million net or €18 million gross – (previously €12 million net or €14.4 million gross )
  • Average number of Group employees does not exceed 50 – (unchanged)

Medium Company thresholds:

  • Balance sheet total not exceeding €25 million – (previously €20 million)
  • Turnover not exceeding €50 million – (previously €40 million)
  • Average number of employees does not exceed 250 – (unchanged)

Medium Group thresholds:

  • Group balance sheet total not exceeding €25 million net or €30 million gross – (previously €20 million net or €24 million gross)
  • Group turnover not exceeding €50 million net or €60 million gross – (previously €40 million net or €48 million gross)
  • Average number of Group employees does not exceed 250 – (unchanged)

Large Company and Group thresholds:

  • Exceeds the thresholds for a Medium Company or Group as outlined above.

These new thresholds are effective from 1 July 2024 and will apply for financial years commencing 1 January 2024, enabling companies to benefit immediately. Companies also have the option to elect to apply the new thresholds for any financial year commencing on / after 1 January 2023.

If you have further queries on what this means for your business, please contact us.

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Increased Cost of Business Grant

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Increased Cost of Business Grant

As part of Budget 2024, the government signed off on a package of €257 million for the Increased Cost of Business (ICOB) Grant to support small and medium sized businesses. It is intended to contribute towards the risings costs faced by businesses. However, it is not a Commercial Rates waiver; businesses are still required to pay rates to their local authority.

What is the grant amount?

The grant amount is based on the value of the Commercial Rates bill received by an eligible business in 2023.

  1. For qualifying businesses with a 2023 Commercial Rate bill of less than €10,000, the ICOB grant will be paid at a rate of 50% of the business’s Commercial Rate bill for 2023.
  2. For qualifying businesses with a 2023 Commercial Rate bill of between €10,000 and €30,000, the ICOB grant will be €5,000.
  3. Businesses with a 2023 Commercial Rates bill of greater than €30,000 are not eligible to receive an ICOB grant.

Who is eligible for the ICOB Grant?

The following are the main qualifying criteria:

  • Commercial Rates Bill must be equal to or less than €30,000 in 2023.
  • Business must currently operate from a property that is commercially rateable.
  • Business must have been trading on 1 February 2024, and intend to continue trading for at least three months.
  • Business must be rates compliant, (businesses with approved performing payment plans may be deemed compliant).
  • Business must be tax compliant and possess a valid Tax Registration Number (TRN).
  • Business must provide confirmation of bank details.
  • If your business operated from a property subject to a Property Entry Levy (PEL) in 2023, you are eligible to receive the grant based on the annualised (grossed-up) value of the PEL bill issued for that property.

Who is not eligible for the ICOB Grant?

  • Public institutions and financial institutions (with exceptions for Credit Unions and specific post office services, excluding Company Post Offices).
  • Vacant properties.

How can I apply?

Businesses are encouraged to use the ICOB portal.

The closing date for businesses to confirm eligibility and to upload verification details will be 1 May 2024. Payments will commence in late April 2024.

If you require assistance with your application for this grant, please contact Carol Hartnett from our Accounting & Financial Advisory Department.

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Ukraine Credit Guarantee Scheme provides low-cost loans to Irish businesses

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Ukraine Credit Guarantee Scheme

The Ukraine Credit Guarantee Scheme (UCGS) will provide €1.2 billion in more affordable funding to Irish businesses who have been impacted by the war in Ukraine.

Eligible borrowers will be able to access funds ranging from €10,000 to €1 million, capped at the greater of either 15% of their recent turnover or 50% of their annual energy expenditure. There is no personal guarantee or collateral required for loans up to €250,000.

Financing will be offered through a range of credit facilities, including term loans, working capital loans and overdrafts.

The scheme offers repayment terms of up to six years with discounted interest rates.

Who is eligible?

This funding is available to Irish SMEs, primary producers and small mid-caps (defined as businesses with up to 499 employees) who have been impacted by economic challenges arising from the war in Ukraine.

To be eligible for this scheme, operating costs must have risen by over 10% since 2020.

The scheme will be available up to the 31 December 2024 or until it has been fully subscribed.

How to apply?

Step 1: Apply for an Eligibility Code from the SBCI through their online hub.

Step 2: Provide this eligibility code to a participating finance provider to begin the credit application process.

If you require assistance with your application for this funding, please contact Carol Hartnett from our Accounting & Financial Advisory Department.

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Exit Strategy: How to Pass your Business on to the Next Generation

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Exit Strategy

Passing on your business and developing your exit strategy is one of the most important business decisions you will ever have to make.

Many of the tax reliefs one may wish to claim on a transfer of assets can be subject to very stringent conditions, such as minimum periods of ownership or active involvement in the business. Succession planning can often seem like something which should be considered close to retirement. However, the risk of waiting is that many of the key tax reliefs available to business owners are not accessible when the time comes to pass on assets, as the relevant conditions cannot be met.

What can help avoid this problem is advance planning. Through preparation, a business owner can identify some of the key conditions required to avail of certain tax reliefs, allowing them sufficient time to take the necessary steps to qualify for these reliefs. Therefore, it is not unusual to see a succession plan being put in place 5 to 10 years prior to its implementation.

The transfer of a business can trigger several taxes such as:

  • Capital Gains Tax (CGT) which is a tax payable by the person selling or transferring an asset. The current rate of CGT is 33%.
  • Capital Acquisitions Tax (CAT) which is a tax payable by the person in receipt of a gift or inheritance. The current rate of CAT is 33%.

This article will focus on the key tax reliefs available to business owners and their family members on the transfer of their business.

CGT Reliefs

In order to mitigate or eliminate the CGT liability on the transfer, there are two main reliefs which may be availed of provided certain conditions are met. These are:

  • Retirement Relief
  • Entrepreneur Relief

Retirement relief provides for relief from CGT on the disposal of qualifying assets.

To qualify for this relief, the main conditions are that the individual must be aged 55 or over and must be disposing of or transferring qualifying business assets. In addition, the individual must have been a working director of the company for 10 years and a fulltime working director for at least 5 of the years prior to the transfer. The latter condition can be a stumbling block for many individuals seeking to claim this relief. For example, an individual may be a director of more than one company and therefore may not meet the full-time working director requirement. This is why it is so important to prepare a succession plan early in your lifetime.

If retirement relief is not available, the individual may qualify for Revised Entrepreneur Relief which limits the rate of CGT to 10% on the first €1m of gains on the disposal of certain business assets. In contrast to retirement relief, this relief has no age requirement and the individual can qualify for it at any stage provided the relevant criteria is met.  To qualify for the relief, the individual should have owned the shares in the business for a continuous period of 3 of the last 5 years and spent 50% or more of their working time as an employee or director of the company.

CAT Reliefs

An individual can receive gifts/inheritances up to a certain amount tax-free throughout their lifetime. Currently, a child can receive a gift or an inheritance up to €335K from his/her parents.

In the context of a business, a child may, on receipt of a relevant business property, qualify for what’s known as Business Relief. This reduces the value of the gift or inheritance being received to 10% of the market value of the business property, resulting in a significant tax saving. Similar to the reliefs already discussed, there are certain conditions that need to be met around ownership and the level of involvement in the business.

Farmers may qualify for Agricultural Relief on the receipt of a gift or inheritance of agricultural property. Agricultural property includes agricultural land, crops and trees growing thereon and farm buildings appropriate to the property. By qualifying for this relief, the market value of the property being received will be reduced by 90%. This makes it a very valuable relief.

There are two tests that need to be passed before a person can avail of the relief:

  1. The farmer test requires 80% of the beneficiary’s assets to be agricultural property immediately after receipt of the inheritance.
  2. The trading test requires the individual to farm the land themselves for at least 6 years or alternatively lease the land out to a qualifying farmer for 6 years.

If a CAT liability arises with or without claiming any of the CAT reliefs, it may be possible to reduce or eliminate the liability by claiming a credit for the CGT paid by the parent on the transfer of property.

Although there are many commercial considerations to be made when passing on wealth as well as discussions with family members as to suitable successors, tax plays a key role in informing the business owner as to the extent of any tax liability. Knowing this information prior to implementing a succession plan enables the owner to make more informed decisions and allows for maximising the amount of reliefs that may be claimed. This will reduce the overall tax costs of the transfer.

For more information on tax reliefs related to your exit strategy, please contact us.

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Crowleys DFK Support Cork SMEs’ Global Success

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Edward Murphy, Head of Tax, was featured in Cork Chamber’s 200th anniversary magazine. He discusses Cork, the local Cork SME sector and it’s success on the domestic and global stage.

You can read the full interview below.

Q:   What’s it like to do business in Ireland’s fastest growing city region?

A:   It’s hard not to be excited by the hive of activity in Cork in recent years – from the myriad of new developments, a growing workforce and a thriving third-level education sector to the region’s continued success in attracting high-value overseas investment. However, it’s the global success of our indigenous Cork SME sector that is, perhaps the most exciting.

Q:   Why have indigenous Cork SMEs been so successful locally and globally?

A:   While Cork has a well-earned reputation in attracting and retaining foreign direct investment, the support it offers homegrown entrepreneurs and SMEs is second to none. Innovation and the ambition to think globally is nurtured through an excellent support ecosystem of start-up incubators, accelerator programmes and research, development and innovation hubs; backed by local business organisations, third-level institutions, and public and private investors.

Q:   What are the key challenges facing SMEs looking to expand overseas?

A:   The continued uncertainty surrounding Brexit is currently the biggest challenge facing SMEs that trade with the UK. However, a constant challenge relevant to all markets is access to local, trusted and reliable professional connections and advice overseas. This is a key step in any global expansion strategy and is often a major stumbling block for many businesses. Understanding how to do business in a new jurisdiction can be time consuming and expensive when you don’t have a local relationship or know where to go to get the proper advice.

Q:   Can you describe how Crowleys DFK can help SMEs with their international growth strategies?

A:   At Crowleys DFK, we understand the challenges faced by our SME and owner-managed business clients. We are proud of the reputation and long-term relationships we have built with them over the years. They represent a diverse range of today’s most innovative and high-performing industries and sectors, including information and communications technology, life sciences, manufacturing and consumer products.

We have been a member of DFK International since 1993. This worldwide association of independent accounting, tax and business advisory firms has over 220 member firms covering 92 countries. We have a long history of working with other DFK Firms. It’s through these strong relationships that we can deliver a complete international service to clients.

Whether it’s getting advice on taking on two employees in Germany, accessing capital markets in London or New York or helping technology companies expand into San Francisco, we connect our clients with trusted professionals throughout the world. In many cases our clients prefer to deal with us and in these instances, we instruct the other DFK firms. This means clients can concentrate on their business and don’t need to spend time developing new relationships abroad.

We have all the right connections to help businesses achieve their ambitions – locally and globally.

Contact us today for expert advice on growing your SME.

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The Importance of a Company’s Registered Office

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Choosing an appropriate location for a company’s registered office arises under the Companies Act 2014. It is the duty of each director and secretary of a company to ensure the requirements are complied with.

The location must be disclosed publicly on the Companies Registration Office (CRO) website.

It must be an actual physical location within the State. A post office box number is not sufficient.

Company statutory registers must be kept at a Company’s registered office and members of the public can inspect registers at that location. Documents may be delivered by hand to the registered office.

It is the address to which all legal notices, including correspondence from the CRO and at times the Revenue Commissioners, may be sent.

Any document will be validly served on a company by leaving it at, or sending it by post to the registered office of the company.

Crowleys DFK’s Corporate Compliance team have been providing a professional registered office facility for a number of years through offices located in Cork and Dublin.

For further information please contact Emma Dunne, Manager of our Corporate Compliance Department.

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